Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a bacterial endotoxin, and a major constituent of the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria. During gram-negative bacteremia or endotoxemia, LPS is the principal pathophysiological mediator by which bacteria can cause hypotension, organ failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and fatal shock in mammalian hosts. The removal of these endotoxins is highly necessary for downstream processes.